Do rich countries import deforestation from overseas? Healthy communities: Tree-filled neighborhoods lower levels of domestic violence and are safer and more sociable. The researchs results are But this is no longer the case: forest loss across North America and Europe is now the result of harvesting forestry products from tree plantations, or tree loss in wildfires. Forest Transitions: why do we lose then regain forests? [1] That's 15.3 billion every year. By combining our earlier Sankey diagram, and breakdown of emissions by product, we can see that we can tackle a large share of these emissions through only a few key trade flows. Thats an area the size of the United Kingdom. The world loses 5 million hectares of forest to deforestation each year. 71% of deforestation is for domestic production. WebThe UN FAO estimate that 10 million hectares of forest were cut down each year. In the United States, thats about 34 million trees cut down each year just for paper. As mentioned above, about 15 billion trees are cut down each year. Lewis, S. L., Edwards, D. P., & Galbraith, D. (2015). For example, Ellis et al. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. From 1850 to 1920, losses were around 50% higher at 30 million hectares per decade thats like losing a forested area the size of Italy every 10 years. Why should we care most about tropical deforestation? In the coming decades this is where we might expect to see the most rapid loss of forests unless these countries take action to prevent it, and the world supports them in the goal. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. [1] That's 15.3 billion every year. Global forest resources. This highlights an important point: less than 20% of people in Sub-Saharan Africa have access to clean fuels for cooking, meaning they still rely on wood and charcoal. At the beginning of this phase, the forest area is at its lowest point. Pendrill, F., Persson, U. M., Godar, J., & Kastner, T. (2019). Data from 1990 onwards is sourced from the UNs 2020 Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020.References:Williams, M. (2003). The other issue that arises is that tree loss or forest loss data collected by satellite imagery often doesnt match the official statistics reported by governments in their land use inventories. In the chart we see how the cover of the earths surface has changed over the past 10,000 years. In the tropics, some forestry production can be classified as deforestation when primary rainforests are cut down to make room for managed tree plantations.21. After we adjust for imports and exports, how much CO2 from deforestation is each country responsible for? In the map we see their assessment of each countrys stage in the transition. Forest degradation measures a thinning of the canopy a reduction in the density of trees in the area but without a change in land use. When in history did we lose it? Scottish Geographical Journal, 120(1-2), 83-98. In the figure we see visual examples from the study of forest loss classification by Philip Curtis et al. How many trees are lost to deforestation each year? Nature, 536(7615), 143. The taller the bar, the larger the change in forest area. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. This helps consumers understand what products they should be concerned about, but also allows us to target specific supply chains. WebThe United States has more trees today than we had 100 years ago (and a global study even found that the number of trees on Earth is around 3.04 trillion, a much higher number than previously believed.) Lewis, S. L. (2006). Pre-1961 land use is sourced from the work of Ellis et al. Centuries ago it was mainly temperate regions that were driving global deforestation [we take a look at this longer history of deforestation in a related article]. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. We manage to capture some of these differences in carbon in our related article on deforestation emissions embedded in trade. These countries might have high levels of afforestation at home, but theyre still having a net negative impact on the size of the worlds forests. We see this in the chart. Global deforestation reached its peak in the 1980s. Science, 361(6407), 1108-1111. In most rich countries, across Europe, North America and East Asia, forest cover is increasing, whilst in many low-to-middle income countries its decreasing. Stage 2 The Early Transition phase is when countries start to lose forests very rapidly. Environmental Research Letters, 7(4), 044009. As we will see later, this would be a distraction from our primary concern: ending tropical deforestation. A note on UN FAO forestry data Data on net forest change, afforestation and deforestation is sourced from the UN Food and Agriculture Organizations Forest Resources Assessment. Thats one football field of forest lost every single second around the clock. Because people are starting to see how climate change affects trees. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. According to CNN, each year over 1,000 plants and animal species go extinct due to deforestation and subsequent habitat loss. The researchers found that 36 million trees are cut down in urban areas each year, and 167,000 acres of impervious areas (concrete, asphalt, etc.) How Many Trees are Cut down for Paper Each Year . It results in a permanent conversion of forest into an alternative land use. Its State of the Worlds Forests report provides estimates of global forest cover today, and rates of change over previous decades. (2010) looked at the primary drivers of deforestation and degradation across tropical and subtropical countries specifically.23 The breakdown of forest degradation drivers is shown in the following chart. Thats 6 billion hectares. In contrast, most forest degradation two-thirds of it occurs in temperate countries. But they wanted to contribute to a more informed discussion about where to focus forest conservation efforts by understanding why forests were being lost. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. International trade plays an important role in this growth, and may allow farmers to see the yield gains they need to produce more food using less land. Global Environmental Change, 15(1), 23-31. Since there is often year-to-year variability in deforestation or reforestation rates, this is shown as the five-year average. As of 2020, the UN estimates the planet is losing over 7,000,000 hectares per year to deforestation.27Between 1990 and 2015, the world lost 129 million hectares of forest an area about the size of South Africa.11 Natural forests lost by continent9include: Africa 3.2 million hectares When we treat these impacts equally we make it difficult to prioritize our efforts in the fight against deforestation. This is probably less than many people would expect. How many trees are cut down each year?. The relationships of population and forest trends. Rudel, T. K., Coomes, O. T., Moran, E., Achard, F., Angelsen, A., Xu, J., & Lambin, E. (2005). Agricultural and forestry trade drives large share of tropical deforestation emissions. The Forest Transition therefore tends to follow a development pathway.16 As a country achieves economic growth it moves through each of the four stages. Since 2016, an average of 28 million hectares have been cut down every year. More than 7 million hectares of forest, or 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees, are cut down every year because of deforestation. But it was then that England reached its transition point and since then, forests have doubled in size. Tree density in primary forests varies from 50,000-100,000 trees per square km, so the math would put this number at 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees cut down each year. How Many Acres of Trees Are Cut Down Each Year? The biodiversity of managed tree plantations which are periodically cut, regrown, cut again, then regrown is not the same. Americans cut down 15,094,678 Christmas trees in 2017, according to the most recent year of data from the U.S. Agriculture Department. The Asia-Pacific region predominantly Indonesia and Malaysia export a higher share: 44%. 71% of this is driven by demand in domestic markets, and the remaining 29% for the production of products that are traded. We therefore look at them both individually in more detail, to better understand what we can do about it. Many countries have not only ended deforestation, but actually achieved substantial reforestation. That these countries have recently regained forests is also visible in the long-term forest trends above. Most traded emissions are embedded in soy and palm oil exports to China and India; and beef, soy and palm oil exports to Europe. Our World In Data is a project of the Global Change Data Lab, a registered charity in England and Wales (Charity Number 1186433). Across the US and Europe the breakdown of products is more varied. Countries such as Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Democratic Republic of Congo are in the early transition phase and are losing forests quickly. This shifting agriculture category can be difficult to allocate between deforestation and degradation: it often requires close monitoring over time to understand how permanent these agricultural practices are. Humans have already destroyed around 46% of the trees on Earth. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. At the top of the list we see some of the major producer countries Brazil and Indonesia. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 Key findings. If we can take advantage of these innovations, we can bring deforestation to an end. Today, only 4 billion hectares are left. Imagine over 100 large harvesters working non-stop. Global Environmental Change, 56, 1-10. A study published on September 2, 2015 in the journal Nature suggests these answers: 3 trillion and 15.3 billion. The 11-month balance shows that 1,539,970 trees were cut down each day, which means 1,059 trees per minute or almost 18 trees per second. Many countries have followed this classic U-shaped pattern. are added every year. Forest cover falls quickly, and the annual loss of forest is high. The same is true of the United States; back in 1630 46% of the area of todays USA was covered by forest. Land, 9(5), 129. The United Nations, as well as experts at the World Wildlife Fund and Global Forest Watch, found that one million animals are in danger of extinction as a result of how much deforestation has occurred. It assumes the impact of clearing primary rainforest in the Amazon to produce soybeans is the same as logging planted forests in the UK. Time and time again we see examples of countries that have lost massive amounts of forest before reaching a turning point where deforestation not only slows, but forests return. They also contribute to global deforestation through the foods they import from poorer countries. Cuaresma, J. C., Danylo, O., Fritz, S., McCallum, I., Obersteiner, M., See, L., & Walsh, B. How do these two measures compare? This rapid swapping of green for gray is harmful to the people living in these spaces, and it sets cities up for long-term environmental decline, according to the scientists. If we add 0.3 tonnes to this figure, deforestation would account for around one-sixth [0.3 / (1.5+0.3) * 100 = 17%].Notarnicola, B., Tassielli, G., Renzulli, P. A., Castellani, V., & Sala, S. (2017). Some countries within this group are still far behind peak deforestation: without concerted effort to protect these forests it could be many decades before forests in those countries approach the transition point [as we show in a related post].10. You have permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. Environmental impacts of food consumption in Europe. Countries may lose some forest each year, but this is at a very slow rate. 15 billion trees are cut down every year.19 The Global Forest Watch project using satellite imagery estimates that global tree loss in 2019 was 24 million hectares. This rapid swapping of green for gray is harmful to the people living in these spaces, and it sets cities up for long-term environmental decline, according to the scientists. are added every year. The United Nations, as well as experts at the World Wildlife Fund and Global Forest Watch, found that one million animals are in danger of extinction as a result of how much deforestation has occurred. The grey line marks where the area of domestic regrowth of forests is exactly equal to imported deforestation. How Many Trees are Cut down for Paper Each Year . Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. In 2012 the mid-year of this period global emissions from fossil fuels, industry and land use change was 40.2 billion tonnes. Environmental Research Letters, 7(4), 044009. As we covered in a previous article, 60% of tropical deforestation is driven by beef, soybean and palm oil production. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. Deforestation in Africa is mainly driven by local populations and markets; only 9% of its emissions are exported. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. What are the major impacts of mass deforestation and forest loss? Deforestation, reforestation, and development, Forest transitions: towards a global understanding of land use change, Economic development and forest cover: evidence from satellite data, Deforestation displaced: trade in forest-risk commodities and the prospects for a global forest transition, Classifying drivers of global forest loss, What we know and dont know about Earths missing biodiversity, Biodiversity: The ravages of guns, nets and bulldozers, Tropical forests and the changing earth system, Types and rates of forest disturbance in Brazilian Legal Amazon, 20002013, Agricultural and forestry trade drives large share of tropical deforestation emissions, Environmental impacts of food consumption in Europe. Half of global forest loss occurred between 8,000BC and 1900; the other half was lost in the last century alone. By Georgina Rannard. You see that of the 14.9 billion hectares of land on the planet, only 71% of it is habitable the other 29% is either covered by ice and glaciers, or is barren land such as deserts, salt flats, or dunes. We can illustrate this through the so-called Forest Transition Model.14 This is shown in the chart. [2] Only 36% of the world's rainforests remain intact. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. A study published on September 2, 2015 in the journal Nature suggests these answers: 3 trillion and 15.3 billion. Deforestation and forest degradation are responsible for around 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions. We see one such transition in the chart: the forest loss in the temperate regions shown as the green part of the bars peaked much earlier than the global forest loss. Historical data pre-1990 is sourced from Michael Williams book, Deforesting the Earth: from prehistory to global crisis. Second, it makes clear how much deforestation accelerated over the last century. Web42 million trees are cut down each day. What are the major impacts of mass deforestation and forest loss? From the 1920s through to the 1980s, decadal losses quadrupled to almost 120 million hectares. Many consumers are concerned that their food choices are linked to deforestation in some of these hotspots. Over the decade since 2010, the net loss in forests globally was 4.7 million hectares per year.1 However, deforestation rates were much significantly higher. Forests still cover about 30 percent of the worlds land area, but they are disappearing at an alarming rate. A study published on September 2, 2015 in the journal Nature suggests these answers: 3 trillion and 15.3 billion. Luxembourg has the largest footprint at nearly three tonnes per person. Many people think of environmental concerns as a modern issue: humanitys destruction of nature and ecosystems as a result of very recent population growth and increasing consumption. Hosonuma et al. I have reconstructed long-term data using various studies which Ive documented here. International trade is important for socioeconomic development. Most deforestation occurs for the production of goods that are consumed within domestic markets. The problem is that it treats all forest loss as equal. This increase was mostly driven by tropical deforestation as countries across Asia and Latin America followed the path of Europe and North America. They first lose lots of forest, but reach a turning point and begin to regain it again. People cut down 15 billion trees each year and the global tree count has fallen by 46% since the beginning of human civilization. Habitat loss is the leading driver of global biodiversity loss.25 When we cut down rainforests we are destroying the habitats of many unique species, and reshaping these ecosystems permanently. This interactive map shows deforestation rates across the world. 2020. Growing all those trees requires about 19.7 square miles of land. Within this global aggregated trend there are many forest transitions at local, national or regional levels occurring. People cut down 15 billion trees each year and the global tree count has fallen by 46% since the beginning of human civilization. The latter will experience short-term environmental impacts, but will ultimately regrow. (2018), published in Science.20, Commodity-driven deforestation and urbanization are deforestation: the forested land is completely cleared and converted into another land use a farm, mining site, or city. If we want to end deforestation we need to understand where and why its happening; where countries are within their transition; and what can be done to accelerate their progress through it. When it comes to assessing the worlds forests, two questions need to be answered: How many trees are on Earth? and. Not all forest loss is equal: what is the difference between deforestation and forest degradation? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 361(1465), 195-210. See which countries are gaining forest though natural forest expansion and afforestation. The first step in doing this is for rich countries to monitor their deforestation impacts overseas more closely. Population growth meant that todays rich countries across Europe and North America needed more and more resources such as land for agriculture, wood for energy, and for construction.8. Since then, deforestation rates have steadily declined, to 78 million hectares in the 1990s; 52 million in the early 2000s; and 47 million in the last decade. According to CNN, each year over 1,000 plants and animal species go extinct due to deforestation and subsequent habitat loss. Americans cut down 15,094,678 Christmas trees in 2017, according to the most recent year of data from the U.S. Agriculture Department. 95% of global deforestation occurs in the tropics. (2017) estimate that the average EU diet, excluding deforestation, is responsible for 0.5 tonnes CO2 per person. By 1900, there were 1.65 billion people in the world (five times fewer than we have today) but for most of the previous period, humans were deforesting the world with only tens or hundreds of millions. How much deforestation happens every day? In the chart here we see the breakdown of deforestation emissions by product for each consumer country. In the chart we see historical reconstructions of country-level data on the share of land covered by forest (over decades, centuries or even millennia depending on the country). But we also need to know what products are driving this. Deforestation, reforestation, and development. How many trees are cut down each year?. But, it would be wrong to think that the only impact rich countries have on global forests is through changes in their domestic forests. And its not just in forests eitherits also happening on farms, in cities, and on private property. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. Thats like losing an area the size of Portugal every two years. If poorer countries are cutting down forests to make food for rich consumers, then we should just stop trading these goods. Why? How many trees does IKEA cut down a A new study published in Nature estimates the planet has 3.04 trillion trees. When we think of the growing pressures on land from modern populations we often picture sprawling megacities. But its not the case for deforestation. But when forests are cut, burned or otherwise removed they emit carbon instead of absorb carbon. This might put the responsibility for ending deforestation solely on tropical countries. Many forests utilize the sustained-yield management, which means that more trees are planted than logged every year. The researchs results are How much deforestation happens every day? Healthy communities: Tree-filled neighborhoods lower levels of domestic violence and are safer and more sociable. Licenses: All visualizations, data, and articles produced by Our World in Data are open access under the Creative Commons BY license. theyre driving deforestation elsewhere; whilst many subtropical countries are partly cutting down trees to meet this demand from rich countries. What explains this? For example, after we adjust for all the goods that the UK imports and exports, it caused more deforestation elsewhere than it did domestically. It doesnt capture trees that are cut down in planted forests; the land is still forested, its now just regrowing forest. According to the Environmental Paper Network, an estimated 30% of felled trees are used for paper products. But when forests are cut, burned or otherwise removed they emit carbon instead of absorb carbon. University of Chicago Press. We know where deforestation emissions are occurring, and where this demand is coming from. To investigate this question, researchers Florence Pendrill et al. In the chart we see how emissions from tropical deforestation are distributed through international supply chains. Since international demand is driving one-third of deforestation emissions, we have some opportunity to reduce emissions through global consumers and supply chains. 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