dr. Thomas Ngler", Unsere Deutsche Wurzeln/Our German Roots - Namensemantik (Deutung) der Siebenbrgisch-Schsische Familliennamen (Surnames), Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages, An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA, The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch, Transylvanian placenames in different languages, General forum for the Transylvanian Saxons, 'Hover & Hear' pronunciations in the Transylvanian Saxon language, Visual short story about the Transylvanian Saxons (with many archive images), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transylvanian_Saxons&oldid=1141880666, Articles containing Romanian-language text, Articles containing Hungarian-language text, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles containing Spanish-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:28. . Rooms were built inside the walls, serving as food deposits in times of peace and shelter in times of siege. International, Foreign, Meanings people-related (personal names linked in some form "son of" or . The colonization continued until the end of the 13th century. Typische Schsische Familiennamen - Typical Saxon Family Names, Mehr Siebenbrgische Familiennamen Samuel von Brukenthal, former Habsburg governor of Transylvania. Back in apu, Zakel gives me a tour of Casa Anna, a more modest project than that of Schuster and her husband. Siebenbuergen - Transylvania To the north of Hermannstadt they settled what they called the Weinland including the village of Nympz (Latin for Nema/Nimesch) near Mediasch (Romanian: Media). After the collapse of the Ceauescu regime in 1989 and the fall of the East German communist government, many of them continued to emigrate to unified Germany. After the fall of communism in 1989, around 90% of the Saxons who remained fled Transylvania within a few months. View of Transylvanian fortified church in Archita village, Romania. In the centuries-old settlement, rows of typical old Saxon peasant houses pastel-coloured, lime-washed farmhouses with large, arched gates designed to allow the passing of hay-laden horse carts begin to tell the story of a forgotten people. Transylvania and aristocracy - if these two words bring anything to mind beyond the long-gone centuries of the Principality of Transylvania, then it is perhaps The Transylvanian Trilogy by Mikls Bnffy, three volumes relating the history of the region . Herberth, just like his ancestors would have, even brings raw wood by horse and cart from the local forest, which he says incurs far less waste and is more environmentally friendly. Bogdan. When people lived in small groups, they didn't need permanent surnames as we [14] As per the latest Romanian census conducted in 2022, their numbers are even fewer, as those of the entire German community in Romania as well. The legal foundation of their settlement in southern, southeastern, and northeastern Transylvania was officially stipulated within the Diploma Andreanum (German: Der Goldener Freibrief der Siebenbrger Sachsen, English: The Golden Charter of the Transylvanian Saxons, Romanian: Carta de aur a sailor transilvneni) issued by King Andrew II of Hungary which allocated them the royal land (Romanian: Pmntul criesc or Pmntul regal) under local autonomy known as Knigsboden or Fundus Regius in Latin. Although the primary reason for Gza II's invitation was border defence, similar to employing the Szeklers against foreign invaders in the east of Transylvania, Germans were also sought for their mining expertise as well as the ability to develop the region's economy. [50][51] Another traditional Transylvanian Saxon dish is palukes. 3. Liste von Ortschaften in . Saxons came to Transylvania during the mid 1100s from . Historically, it has been spoken more in rural areas of Transylvania and to a lesser extent in the urban settlements where Transylvanian Saxons lived. Nowadays, organisations representing the Transylvanian Saxons exist in Romania, Germany, Austria, Canada, and the United States (in the latter case most notably 'Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons'). German borrowing of Jnos. [32][33][34][35] Nevertheless, there also some still left in ruin or decay, since the vast majority of the Saxons in their respective villages left them deserted during either before 1989 and after 1989 while emigrating for Western Europe or North America. As the semi-independent Principality of Transylvania was one of the most religiously tolerant states in Europe at the time, the Saxons were allowed to practice their own religion (meaning that they enjoyed religious autonomy). Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. Otherwise, they enjoyed suzerainty; even Hungarians could not settle down in the Saxon territories. THE RESTORATION OF THE TRANSYLVANIAN HUNGARIAN ARISTOCRATS. The churches were positioned on high points overlooking the communities; stone structures punctuated with watchtowers and surrounded by high defensive stone walls. ausgenommen dem Neugier-Faktor. [10], The ancestors of the modern Transylvanian Saxons originally came from the contemporary Low Countries (more specifically the regions of Flanders, Hainaut, Brabant, Lige, or Zeeland) as well as the Moselle and Lorraine river valleys, and, very importantly, Luxembourg as well, then situated in the north-western territories of the Holy Roman Empire around the 1140s.[11]. Source: Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons. Warfare between the Habsburg monarchy and Hungary against the Ottoman Empire from the 16th18th centuries decreased the population of Transylvanian Saxons. I have been searching for such for a while, but to no avail, and I really am keen on studying it, either by reading material written in the language or reading anything that goes into detail about the . Alarmed by the knights' rapidly expanding power, in 1225 King Andrew II expelled the Teutonic Order from Transylvania permanently, which henceforth relocated to Prussia in 1226, although the colonists remained in Burzenland. Fieraru - This is an occupational surname that means "blacksmith." Fischer - This Romanian surname means "fisherman." Funar - This last name means "rope maker." Maier - This is the short form of the Romanian word meaning "farmer. 5 5 In 1714, a personal union was established between Britain and the Electorate of Hanover in the Holy Roman Empire based on the . For decades, the main . Geni requires JavaScript! The word means 'god-given' or ' gift of God .'. His family claimed descent from the royal house of David. The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King Gza II of Hungary (1141-1162). His actions were aimed at the political inequality within Transylvania, especially the political strength of the Saxons. Paul Milata: Zwischen Hitler, Stalin and Antonescu. Typische Schsische Familiennamen - Typical Saxon Family Names 8. Transylvania in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Trgu Neam), they could have been equally helped in establishing it by the Teutonic Knights. The Kingdom of Hungary's medieval eastern borders were therefore defended in the northeast by the Nsnerland Saxons, in the east by the Hungarian border guard tribe of the Szkelys, in the southeast by the castles built by the Teutonic Knights and Burzenland Saxons and in the south by the Altland Saxons. The predominantly German-populated Hermannstadt was a noteworthy cultural center within Transylvania in the past, while Kronstadt (Braov) represented a vital political center for the Transylvanian Saxons. Old Town Braov one of the most beautiful medieval towns in Romania. After the end of World War I, on 8 January 1919, the representatives of the Transylvanian Saxons decided to support the unification of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania. Well known Transylvanian Saxon politicians and administrative leaders include Michael Wei (former mayor of Braov/Kronstadt), Klaus Johannis (current President of Romania and former mayor of Sibiu/Hermannstadt), Iancu Sasul (i.e. [16] Later on, the Saxons needed to further fortify both their rural and urban settlements against invading Ottomans (or against the invading and expanding Ottoman Empire). During the 5th century ce the Saxons spread rapidly through north Germany and along the coasts of Gaul and Britain. In the process of fortifying the borders of the Kingdom of Hungary to the east, they were early on helped by the Teutonic Knights. Glck in Romanian-language map depicting the total territorial extent of the Saxon lands/seats in southern, south-eastern, and north-eastern Transylvania. ISBN 3-412-01576-8. [9] Other smaller communities of Transylvanian Saxons can be found in South Africa and Australia as well as South America (for example in Argentina). At the same time, the Saxons were also charged with developing agriculture and introducing Central European culture. Janosch m German (Modern), Transylvanian Saxon. Join Geni to explore your genealogy and family history in the World's Largest Family Tree. Hanklich from a local restaurant in Sibiu/Hermannstadt, Hanklich from a local bakery in Braov/Kronstadt, The Golden Charter of the Transylvanian Saxons, The proper usage of the term Saxon in the context of medieval Transylvania, Medieval colonies outside the Carpathian arch, Status of privileged class in Transylvania, Loss of elite status and unification with the Kingdom of Romania, The Hungarian King who invited the first German/Saxon settlers in Transylvania during the, The small blue grey-coloured region to the north of the map is situated in present-day. Hello all, I am wondering if you have any recommendations for any material on this language. Biertan fortified church (German: Birthlm) was the see of the Evangelical Lutheran Bishop in Transylvania between 1572 and 1867. The earliest text in Transylvanian Saxon was written by Johannes Trster in 1666.[56]. Heading into Saxon Transylvania is to get a glimpse into ancient rural Europe. Tabellen zusammengestellt mit Informationen von: Known as "Transylvanian Saxons," they occupied parts of Romania for centuries, establishing autonomous fortresses, cities and villages. history. Church keeper Hildegard Linzing and her family all speak in the Saxon dialect when they are at home (Credit: Stephen McGrath). Under the influence of Johannes Honterus, the great majority of the Transylvanian Saxons embraced the new creed of Martin Luther during the Protestant Reformation. . [39], The newly arrived Saxons outside in the Carpathian arch in the emerging medieval Romanian principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia brought urbanisation, craftsmanship, trade, and the so-called German law, under which the local administrations of medieval Romanian towns had operated in the beginning.[40]. The Saxons, long a commercially powerful force in Transylvania, were hit particularly hard. It is, therefore, very important to highlight the fact that not all Transylvanian Saxon settlers were German-speaking given the fact that they also stemmed from the contemporary Low Countries (i.e. Obwohl die Deutungen nur genaue Ausknfte ber den Aside from the Saxon seats, there had also been two districts, namely Bistritz/Bistria and Kronstadt/Braov, which had the following territorial extent, as depicted in the maps below: Along with the Teutonic Order, other religious organizations important to the development of German communities were the Cistercian abbeys of Igrisch (Igri) in the Banat region respectively Kerz (Cra) in Fogaraschland (ara Fgraului). Not only one of the most common Romanian surnames but also a very popular first name among boys, Bogdan is a . The Transylvanian Saxons were badly stung by choices made in World War II, when Romania for most of the conflict fought on the side of the Nazis but then changed sides to join the Western Allies and Soviets from 1944. Bogdan. Structured data. "devotee of"). Eastern settlement). Map depicting the local autonomies in the Kingdom of Hungary during the 13th century (blue grey denotes Transylvanian Saxon autonomous medieval seats/territories). However, Bucharest owes to its German-born king, Carol I, much of the systematization and modernization that occurred during late 1800s early 1900s. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The destination is usually supposed to have been Prignitz, Uckermark, and Pomerania, but a minor alternative theory suggests settlement in Transylvania.[24][25][26]. Their native dialect, Transylvanian Saxon (endonym: Siweberjesch-Sksesch, German: Siebenbrgisch-Schsisch, Romanian: Dialectul ssesc) is close to Luxembourgish. The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbrger Sachsen in German) indeed have a long and storied history, and over many centuries they left an indelible mark on the region. [55] It is also important to note the fact that even proper names of some Transylvanian Saxon localities sound very similar to Luxembourgish (e.g. . Founded in 1902, the Alliance is open to Americans of Transylvanian Saxon descent. The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed. Transylvanian Saxon intellectual Stephan Ludwig Roth also pleaded for a strengthening of the German element in Transylvania during the 19th century by means of more waves of settlers stemming from contemporary Germany while at the same time firstly supporting the rights of the ethnic Romanians. The initial phase of German settlement in Transylvania began in the mid and mid-late 12th century, with colonists travelling to and residing in what would later become known in standard German as Altland (i.e. Read More. An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA (inglise keeles) The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch (inglise keeles) Transylvanian Saxon surnames (inglise keeles) Transylvanian placenames in different languages (saksa keeles) General site on the Transylvanian Saxons (saksa keeles) Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 800 533 pixels. Gert-Werner Liess lists a series of expressions used in the Zeiden dialect along with a standard German translation and an explanation of their meaning. Stephan Ludwig Roth, an Evangelical Lutheran pastor and intellectual who led the German support for Romanian political rights, eventually opposed the unification of Transylvania with Hungary and was executed by the Hungarian military tribunal during the revolution. The church is surrounded by walls 12 meters (40 feet) high and four meters (10 feet) thick. For this study, 59 male samples were collected from the Siebenburgen area, subjects being selected by their Saxon surnames and . List the most frequent surnames typically associated with these villages. ehrgeizig wurden, dieser Leute-verwandt (persnliche Namen werden in einer Form zusammengefgt "Sohn von" oder "Anhnger von"). Salt Anglo-Saxon, English. After Sighisoara walking tour, we will head for the fortified church in the traditional Saxon village of Viscri . This agreement preserved a considerable degree of political rights for the three aforementioned groups but excluded the largely Hungarian and Romanian peasantry from political life in the principality. The church bells slowly toll and the smell of fresh roses permeates the air as 25 local Saxons, both young and old, file into the 14th-Century fortified church for Sunday morning prayers. Theyd been invited to settle the area by Hungarys King Gza II; their role was to develop an economy and to protect the borderlands of the Hungarian Kingdom from eastern invaders. (Familienanzeigen: Siebenbrgische Zeitung). Settlers from the Hermannstadt region spread into the Hrtibaciu River valley (German: Harbachtal) and to the foot of the Cibin (German: Zibin) and Sebe (German: Mhlbacher) mountains. mannerisms). u. . Subsequently, taking into account the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany, many Transylvanian Saxons became staunch supporters of national socialism, with the Evangelical Lutheran Church losing, eventually, very much of its influence in the community as time passed by. Lower part: the locator acts as the judge in the village. . But even forsaken communities such as these can be partly revived, as Carmen Schuster discovered on a fateful return to her ancestral village of Cincor (Kleinschenk in German). In Zeiden gebruchliche Redewendungen. In Den Fngen Der Gromchte Siebenbrgen Zwischen Brgerkrieg Und Reformation Die Geschichte Siebenbrgens By Wilhelm Andreas Baumgrtner Additionally, German potters and merchants were also present in the former Moldavian capital of Suceava at the end of the 14th century. beschreiben oder auch ihre Persnlichkeit und Manierismen). Erkennungsnamen haben, und diese Erkennungsnamen konnten verndert Although his actions were ultimately rescinded, many Saxons began to see themselves as being a small minority opposed by nationalist Romanians and Hungarians. Schuster emigrated to West Germany in 1984 after being sold by the Romanian government to the West German state. ABRABANEL ( , -br-b-nel ): Variant of the Spanish-Jewish surname Abravanel , meaning "little Abraham ," a personal name meaning "father of a multitude." Isaac Abrabanel (1437-1508), was a Jewish scholar and statesman. He described the Transylvanian Saxons, who had for centuries preserved their language and customs among foreign peoples, as enlightened colonists par excellence. In February 1942 and May 1943, Germany concluded agreements with Hungary and Romania respectively, following which the Germans who were fit for military service, although they were either Hungarian citizens (in Northern Transylvania, entered the composition of the Hungarian state through the Second Vienna Award) or Romanian citizens (in Southern Transylvania, remaining part of Romania), could be incorporated into the regular German military units, into the Waffen-SS and into war-producing enterprises or into the Organisation Todt. Transylvanian Saxons, German-speaking population that in the Middle Ages settled in Transylvania, then part of Hungary. Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages; The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages ; General site on the Transylvanian Saxons . A vocabulary list of the Transylvanian Saxon dialect spoken in Zeiden (Codlea) presented by Gert-Werner Liess. Pejmer and its shelter rooms. [15] For several consecutive centuries, the main task of these medieval German-speaking settlers (as that of the Szeklers for example in the east of Transylvania) was to defend the southern, southeastern, and northeastern borders of the then Kingdom of Hungary against foreign invaders stemming most notably from Central Asia and even far East Asia (e.g. Currently in Romania, about 60% of ethnic Germans reported being Roman Catholic and 40% Protestant (see Religion in Romania). Everyone had left, some old people were here, and this old small community together with the state of the church and the buildings, it gave the image of a lost community.. In 1989, still 95,000 Saxons lived in Romania (approx. 50. Display. The process of emigration continued during communist rule in Romania. during Roman times, those affiliations seem to have been lost during the Dark In a small room hangs a black-and-white photo of her great aunt. Linzing lives in Malancrav with her husband and two children, who all speak in the Saxon dialect, which is similar to that of Luxembourgish, when they are at home. ara Oltului in Romanian, after the German name for the Olt river, or the old land as in a word for word translation from German) or Hermannstadt Provinz, based around the picturesque well preserved medieval town of Hermannstadt, today's Sibiu. In these regards, the Transylvanian Saxon cuisine can be regarded as quintessentially Central European. The Transylvanian Saxons, called like that since medieval times, are representing a western population with unknown origin, settled in the Arch of Romanian Carpathian Mountains in the earliest of the 12th century. [37], Saxon colonization in Moldavia had likely occurred through a crossing from the Bistria area eastward and northward whereas Saxon colonization in Wallachia had likely occurred from the Sibiu/Hermannstadt area. Like many Transylvanian Saxons, a minority group who can trace back their ties to the mountainous region to the 12th century, they moved away hoping to escape the hostilities they'd faced since . To download a copy, please contact hello@wikitongues.org.Th. The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed. Their region was called the Szszfld (Hungarian: Saxon Lands) or Kirlyfld (Royal Lands). On the history of the Transylvanian Saxons, it is very important to note what former federal German president and professor doctor Theodor Heuss (FDP) stated, namely: "their history is a piece of German history as a whole".[21]. identifiers could change. . [17], The first wave of settlement continued well until the end of the 13th century. This wave of settlement included exiled Protestants from Upper Austria (the Transylvanian Landlers namely), who were given land near Hermannstadt (Sibiu). The anthem is also known as Siebenbrgen, Land des Segens (literally Transylvania, land of blessings).[57]. Fortification of the towns. Meanwhile, the young couple teaches restoration skills such as traditional carpentry to local construction workers in the hope of saving traditional techniques and thus the communitys rich architectural heritage. The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King Gza II of Hungary (1141-1162). Michael Wei, former mayor of Media/Mediasch. 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